The journal publishes original scientific articles according to the international IMRAD structure, as well as review and theoretical articles using a non-standard structure.

The peculiarity of using a non-standard structure of the article is that there is no Materials and Methods section. Instead, a brief and at the same time detailed research methodology is described in the last paragraph of the Introduction section. Another difference is that instead of the Results and Discussion section, this type of article should have at least two separate sections with appropriate subject titles (titles should be at least 5 words long!). The last feature of writing an article with a non-standard structure is the list of references. It should consist of at least 50 literature references (articles, books, dissertations).

Tables, figures, graphs, equations

• Tables, figures, graphs, and formulas should be numbered and placed after their mention in the text (notes are placed directly below the table/figure/graph). All abbreviations must be spelled out at the first mention in the text.
• Equations must be created in Equation Editor, variable mathematical values in the text according to the formulas are typed in italics.
• Figures and graphs should be centred, text wrapping around the figure is prohibited.
• All dimensions of physical quantities should be submitted in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). There is a space between units of measurement, symbols, and numbers to which they refer.

Contents of the sections

The following information about the authors must be indicated:

• the first and the last name;
• academic degree and position;
• structural unit of the institution where the author works;
• full official name and legal address of authors’ institution;
• ORCID;
• contact email address.

Abstract
The section is presented in Ukrainian and English with identical content (200 to 300 words in length). The abstract should be informative (not contain general words), structured (follow the logic of the article presentation), and meaningful (disclose the main research results, clearly formulate the relevance, goal, methods of problem analysis, as well as the practical value of the study). The abstract should not contain abbreviations, footnotes, and references.

Keywords
5-7 words or phrases related to the subject matter do not duplicate the title of the article and do not consist of common words.

Introduction
The section highlights the current state of the problem under study at the global level, analyses the latest research and publications (7-10 works of other researchers) with links to scientific publications over the past 3-5 years. The relevance, purpose, objectives and the novelty of the study are substantiated. References to literature must be submitted in round brackets. One citation should not include more than 3 sources.

Literature Review
This section is optional and should contain the results of research by scientists who analysed certain aspects of the subject matter. Each name of the researcher must be accompanied by a corresponding reference from the list of references.

Materials and Methods
The section describes the main stages of the study and justifies the choice of the methods, techniques, approaches, or actions used to obtain new scientific research results. The strategies and criteria for sampling (if the article contains an empirical part) are explained, the experimental basis of the study is noted. The stated methodology should provide a complete picture of the research progress so that it can be repeated by other scientists with the use of the same materials and methods. The section is required in the structure of a scientific article.

Results
The section presents the main material of the study with full justification of the scientific results obtained. Tabular or graphical materials are necessarily accompanied by the results of statistical data processing. Sources are placed under tables and figures. Value judgments should be avoided, as well as the elements of the description of the methodology and direct repetition of the data presented in the tables and graphic material in the text of the article. Numerical results should be rounded in accordance with established rules, taking into account the mean research error, confidence interval or distribution of values. Research results must be sufficiently substantiated, methodologically correct, have novelty and practical value.

Discussion
The discussion should be based on the interpretation of the research results. The most important scientific facts established are involved in the consideration, taking into account the previous data and analysis, in accordance with the literary sources on the current state of the problem with references to the works of a similar direction of research conducted in other countries.

Conclusions
Conclusions should fully and specifically reflect the results of research, correspond to the purpose and title of the study, word-by-word duplication in the abstract is unacceptable. It is important to indicate the prospects for further research on the selected topic.

Acknowledgements
The section is for expression of gratitude to individuals or organisations for all possible technical assistance, ideas, financial (material) aid, which made the research possible, etc.
If you have no Acknowledgements, state “None”.

Funding

In this section, the author(s) should indicate all sources of financial support received for the study. In case of absence of financial support, please indicate: “The study was not funded”.

Conflict of Interest
All authors disclose any potential sources of conflict of interest. Any interest or relationship, financial or otherwise that might be perceived as influencing an author’s objectivity is considered a potential source of conflict of interest. These must be disclosed when directly relevant or directly related to the work that the authors describe in their manuscript. The existence of a conflict of interest does not preclude publication. If the authors have no conflict of interest to declare, they must also state this at submission and include a statement in the «Conflict of Interest» section. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to review this policy with all authors and collectively to disclose with the submission ALL pertinent commercial and other relationships. Discovery of the failure to adequately disclose a conflict of interest at submission or during the review process may result in the rejection of a manuscript or other author sanctions.
If you have no conflict of interest, state “None”.

References
References in the text to sources should be indicated in parentheses «()», еxample: (Ivanov, 2023). If you need to indicate a reference within a line, you should indicate the year in «()», for example: «L. Klein (2013) proposes….».
In this case, the names and years of sources in the text should clearly coincide with the data in the list of references. It is not allowed to mention more than 3 sources in one citation.
The list of references should be in English (transliteration is not allowed), references arranged in alphabetical order, and formatted according to APA 6th Referencing Style (2010).

article layout template

EXAMPLES OF THE LAYOUT OF THE LIST OF REFERENCES